Evaluation of palm kernel oil as cutting lubricant in turning AISI 1039 steel using Taguchi-grey relational analysis optimization technique

Cutting fluids have a known negative impact on productivity, human health, and the environment in manufacturing sector. A suitable method for reducing effect of cutting health is minimum quantity lubrication (MQL). In this experiment, AISI 1039 steel was machined using vegetable oil lubricant MQL. chemical used to extract from palm kernel seeds. Then, established techniques, physicochemical lubricity properties (PKO) were ascertained. The Taguchi L9 (33) orthogonal array served as basis planning experimental design. Process parameters such surface roughness, chip thickness ratio, temperature, material removal rate measured during turning operations. multi-response outputs TGRA considered simultaneously optimize namely depth cut, feed rate, spindle speed. At temperature 55°C, 180 minutes, particle sizes 0.2–0.5 mm, an yield 55% by weight obtained. viscosity at 40°C, specific gravity, pour, fire, cloud, flash points raw PKO 117.6 mm2/s, 0.8940 mg/ml, 21°C, 231°C, 22.3 °C 227°C, respectively. roughness improved 44% 12%, respectively, when compared with mineral oil. findings research confirmed effectiveness integrated Taguchi-grey relational analysis (TGRA) optimization foundation use turning.